–The vertebral column, commonly known as the spine, constitutes the central axis of the axial skeleton. It serves as the primary support for the trunk and head. –Much of the skull also falls within the axial skeleton. The skull houses the brain, sensory organs (such as the eyes and ear...
Ribs are flat, narrow and curved bones of strips found in the chest of vertebrates. They are attached to the vertebrae on the dorsal side and to the sternum on the ventral side. This attachment forms an enclosed structure called the rib cage. Read on to
They originate from the transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae and insert onto the transverse process of an adjacent vertebra. These muscles assist in lateral flexion of the spine and also work to stabilize the spine. They are innervated by the posterior and anterior rami of spinal...
The human skeleton, like that of other vertebrates, consists of two principal subdivisions, each with origins distinct from the others and each presenting certain individual features. These are (1) the axial, comprising the vertebral column—the spine—and much of the skull, and (2) the appendi...
Side bending also is an important action of the cervical spine. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are involved in cervical side bending. The posterior scalene muscles, located on the lower sides of the neck, ipsilaterally bend the neck to the side and elevate the second rib. The splenius capitis ...